The National Association Of The Deaf - 1435 Words

Together, the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) and the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Inc. (RID) have developed a Code of Professional Conduct (CPC) for professional interpreters. The CPC cites seven tenets, and supporting illustrative behaviors, which were established and set forth as a â€Å"guide to professional behavior† (p.1) for interpreters to follow. Of these seven tenets, there is one that I believe I will have the most difficult time adhering to when I begin professional interpreting. This tenet is: PROFESSIONALISM – Illustrative Behavior 2.5 - â€Å"Refrain from providing counsel, advice, or personal opinions† (p. 3). This may seem like an unusual choice, but let me explain. I am a very charismatic, expressive individual, with exaggerated facial expressions and body language. I feel this â€Å"natural† expression has the potential to convey my personal opinion, which is a direct violation of the CPC. When trying to communicate my feelings during standard conversation, exaggerated facial expressions and body language are ideal. The issue comes in an interpreting setting where my role is to provide consumers anything other than my personal opinion. For example, if I were interpreting in a medical setting and the clinician (the hearing consumer) were delivering an ominous diagnosis to a patient (the deaf consumer); I wouldn’t have the right to allow my facial expressions to express an opinion about the severity of the diagnosis. Likewise, if I didn’t like thisShow MoreRelatedBernard Bragg s Role Model956 Words   |  4 Pages Bernard Bragg is a deaf individual who was a major player in making deaf performance theater come into the mainstream. In his life he managed to teach hundreds of students about performing, and touched countless others by these performances. He is an individual who not only had a major impact in the deaf community, but his actions also resonated in the hearing community just as loudly. Bragg was a founding member of the National Theater for the Deaf, and in the establishment of a new concept, heRead MoreThe Deaf : Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Audience1506 Words   |  7 Pagesviewers who are deaf or hard of hearing to follow the dialogue and the action of program simultaneously . The Nation s first captioning agency the caption center was founded in 1972 at the boston public television station WGBH . In the past some news bulletins presidential addresses ,or programming created by or for deaf and hard of hearing audience were open captioned. Captions for deaf audiences at the time they are produced and distributed . Closed captioning not only includes deaf and hard of hearingRead MoreThe National Deaf Education Project982 Words   |  4 PagesThe National Deaf Education Project was founded in 1998 by Lawrence Siegel. Lawrence M. Siegel has been an advocate and attorney for special education cases beginning in 1979 (National Deaf Education Project). He received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of California at Berkeley (National Deaf Education Project). He has strong beliefs regarding the Deaf community and culture and the Deaf’s rights and liberties as Americans. Specifically, he believes that communication and language isRead MoreEssay Marlee Matlin Biography for Asl724 Words   |  3 Pageshas been deaf since she was 18 months old, she is also a prominent member of the Deaf community and supports the use of sign language, closed captioning, and is an active member of the National Association of the Deaf. Marlee Beth Matlin was born on August 24, 1965, in Morton Grove, Illinois. Her mother, Libby, was a jewelry sales woman and her father, Donald, operated a used car dealership. Marlee is the youngest of three children and is the only member of her family who is Deaf. She is ofRead MoreThe World Federation Of The Deaf1498 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Federation of the Deaf (WFD) exhibit. As a primary focus in the museum, this exhibit is devoted to the organization that acts conscientiously to protect the right of Deaf people around the world every day. Please find below a description of WFD, as well as the history of it. What is the World Federation of the Deaf? The World Federation of the Deaf, often simply called WFD, is an international organization that acts as a central hub for all associations devoted to Deaf people. Its focus is onRead MoreThe Human Condition Through Innovation1683 Words   |  7 Pagesharmed cochlea, making an apparent evidence of sound to a hard of hearing or deaf individual (NAD). In the event that you asked a â€Å"normal listening† individual that they thought about the innovation of the CI, they would celebrate that there is at long last a cure for the awfulness of deafness and would expect that the Deaf group would be energized and excited for a cure to deafness. The reaction to CIs from the Deaf group has not been positive, but instead frowned upon. The center of the developmentRead MoreAre Cochlear Implants Threatening The Deaf Community?1417 Words   |  6 PagesThreatening the Deaf Community? According to the Deaf Culture Centre, Deaf Culture is defined as the â€Å"heart of the Deaf community everywhere in the world. Language and culture are inseparable. They are intertwined and passed down through generations of Deaf people.† It is estimated that nearly 20 percent of Americans live with some form of hearing loss, yet deaf and hard of hearing society members remain oppressed by the mainstream culture (Callis). These people that identify with the deaf culture, useRead MoreCulture : The American Culture1014 Words   |  5 Pagesculture that I find interesting is the Deaf culture. I am fascinated by everything in Deaf culture, their language, their motivation, and their education are completely unique to them. I believe that the most unique characteristic to Deaf culture is their language, sign language. The Deaf community conveys themselves through the use of sign language. Sign language is a bodily language, by which using hand gestures and bodily movements to co mmunicate with others. The Deaf community uses sign language toRead MoreDeafness805 Words   |  4 PagesSan Diego County. For starters, Deaf people are members of a small and close-knit community. The shared sense of community brings deaf people together in ways that are enriching and rewarding. For example, because many deaf people have friends across the country, they are avid travelers. Often they travel for activities such as the National Association of the Deaf conference, deaf softball and basketball games, and other well-attended events. Rare is there a deaf person who hasnt left his or herRead MoreEdmund Booth: Deaf Pioneer Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesEdmund Booth: Deaf Pioneer Edmund Booth was born on a farm near Springfield, Massachusetts in 1810. Some of the hats he wore during his lifetime were farmer, teacher, activist for the deaf, pioneer settler, 49er, journalist, and politician. The consistent theme in Booths life, one to which he always returned, was his commitment to the deaf: working for the rights of all deaf people in this country, including education of deaf children. Booths interest in deaf issues was very

Terry V. Ohio Free Essays

Terry v. Ohio Case Project| | | | | Victoria Swannegan| 12/2/2010| | In 1968 a case called Terry v. Ohio took place. We will write a custom essay sample on Terry V. Ohio or any similar topic only for you Order Now This case made a big impact on the police departments of the United States by giving officers more reasons to make an arrest. A â€Å"Terry Stop† is a stop of a person by law enforcement officers based upon reasonable suspicion that a person may have been engaged in criminal activity, whereas an arrest requires probable cause that a suspect committed a criminal offense.A Cleveland detective (McFadden), on a downtown beat which he had been patrolling for many years, observed two stranger on a street corner. He saw them proceed alternately back and forth along an identical route, pausing to stare in the same store window, which they did for a total of about 24 times. Each completion of the route was followed by a conference between the two on a corner, at one of which they were joined by a third man who left swiftly. Suspecting the two men of â€Å"casing a job, a stick-up,† the officer followed them and saw them rejoin the third man a couple of blocks away in front of a store. The officer approached the three, identified himself as a policeman, and asked their names. The men â€Å"mumbled something,† whereupon McFadden spun petitioner around, patted down his outside clothing, and found in his overcoat pocket, but was unable to remove, a pistol. The officer ordered the three into the store.He removed petitioner’s overcoat, took out a revolver, and ordered the three to face the wall with their hands raised. He patted down the outer clothing of Chilton and Katz and seized a revolver from Chilton’s outside overcoat pocket. He did not put his hands under the outer garments of Katz (since he discovered nothing in his pat-down which might have been a weapon), or under petitioner’s or Chilton’s outer garments until he felt the guns. The three were taken to the police station. Petitioner and Chilton were charged with carrying concealed weapons.The defense moved to suppress the weapons. Though the trial court rejected the prosecution theory that the guns had been seized during a search incident to a lawful arrest, the court denied the motion to suppress and admitted the weapons into evidence on the ground that the officer had cause to believe that petitioner and Chilton were acting suspiciously, that their interrogation was warranted, and that the officer, for his own protection, had the right to pat down their outer clothing having reasonable cause to believe that they might be armed.The court distinguished between an investigatory â€Å"stop† and an arrest, and between a â€Å"frisk† of the outer clothing for weapons and a full-blown search for evidence of crime. Petitioner and Chilton were found guilty, an intermediate appellate court affirmed, and the State Supreme Court dismissed the appeal on the ground that â€Å"no substantial constitutional question† was involved. Terry was protected by â€Å"The Fourth Amendment† but the officer had a probable cause. The Fourth Amendment to the U. S.Constitution protects personal privacy, and every citizen’s right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion into their persons, homes, businesses, and property, whether through police stops of citizens on the street, arrests, or searches of homes and businesses. The Fourth Amendment provides safeguards to individuals during searches and detentions, and prevents unlawfully seized items from being used as evidence in criminal cases. The degree of protection available in a particular case depends on the nature of the detention or arrest, the characteristics of the place searched, and the circumstances under which the search takes place.In the case, they used a term called â€Å"Stop and Frisk†. This is a situation in which a police officer who is suspicious of an individual detains the person and runs his hands lightly over the suspect’s outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon. Unlike a full search, a frisk is generally limited to a patting down of the outer clothing. If the officer feels what seems to be a weapon, the officer may then reach inside the person’s clothing.If no weapon is felt, the search may not intrude further than the outer clothing. A full search is called â€Å"Search and Seizure†. It is the legal term used to describe a law enforcement agent’s examination of a person’s home, vehicle, or business to find evidence that a crime has been committed. If evidence is found, the agent may then â€Å"seize† it. Search and seizure also includes placing an individual under arrest. The Terry v. Ohio case made a phenomenal change. It made a difference in which people can be searched arrested. How to cite Terry V. Ohio, Papers

Battle Of The Mountain Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Battle Of The Mountain Essay, Research Paper Battle of the Mountain Snowboarding and Skiing are common and different in the topics of civilization, technique, and equipment. There are similarities on and off the mountain every bit good as major differences. Snowboarding was influenced in the beginning by skiing and it is now turning quickly. Skiing has been taking portion in the boarding civilization to recover some land hey lost to the embarkation fad. This civilization will be shown through a comparing in a # 8220 ; Battle of the Mountain. # 8221 ; In civilization snowboarders and skiers have a certain attitude toward each other or life in general. Snowboarders have a more hood stone, loose-fitting vesture, and rough behaviour life style. Skiers have a more bright vesture that looks excessively little, with a conservative behaviour life style. These are stereotypes of the two, but it is non uncommon behaviour. Snowboarders have that more bizarre attitude because of their utmost hazards. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle Of The Mountain Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By and large, people ski because it is less ambitious and more of a societal event. Their civilization is what defines them as a group and most of their similarities are non common in their life style. Lodgers and skiers have differences and similarities in their equipment. Snowboarding requires merely one piece to steer you down the inclines, where skiing utilizations four. In skiing you require two slender pieces of fibreglass along with two poles. Snowboarding, with its individual broad piece of fibreglass, uses bindings to lock your pess onto the board go forthing no room for a scavenger run your equipm ent on the inclines. When you fall in snowboarding you have three less things to worry approximately. Alternatively of a fictile boot used by skiers, snowboarders use usage fitted boots with all the flexibleness you need. Snowboards and skis are made out of the same stuff and they both require waxing. Like some skis, snowboards are carved upwards on both tips of the board for freestyle motions. The equipment is made for the lodger or skier to utilize on the same inclines. There are many different techniques in the universe of skiing and snowboarding. They use the same halting method of inching by turning and confronting the underside of the board or skis upward. Another in halting for skiers is a snowplow and can non be done on a board. Skiers and snowboarders use the same lifts to acquire up the mountain utilizing carving techniques. Carving is directing you back and Forth across the incline utilizing the side of your board or skis. Skiers use their poles to assist force them force up a slower way, where lodger have to take out their back pes to travel across the snow. Overall the two groups are really different yet they portion the same mountain. Skiers and snowboarders have had rather a competition over the old ages. Throughout that clip the two groups have learned to work together on their differences and learn from them. It is human nature to non wish something that is different. Most mountain resorts have conformed to the lodger # 8216 ; s demands of Parkss where leaps are allowed and their music heard. Ski resorts and lodgers have tried to weaken the conflict, but the struggle continues.

Symbiosis Mini Essay free essay sample

Parasitism is a relationship, usually between two organisms in which one organism benefits greatly (the parasite) and the other is negatively affected (the host). Commensalism: A relationship existing between two organisms which results in one organism benefitting while the other is unaffected. Mutualism General Example: The Hermit Crab and Sea Anemone. Hermit Crabs have been shown to remove sea anemones and attach them to their shells. Both organisms benefit because the crabs drop food particles in the water when feeding, these food particles are then eaten by the anemones. The crab benefits because if any predator tries to attack, not only can it retract into its shell but the anemone can sting the predator which usually scares it away. Caribbean Example: Ants and Aphids. Aphids when feeding on plants secrete a sweet substance called honeydew, this honeydew is loved by ants and as a result they consume it. In exchange for the honeydew, the ants provide protection for the aphids from predators such as Ladybugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbiosis Mini Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both organisms benefit equally from this relationship (2). Parasitism General Example: Tapeworm and Humans. Tapeworms are parasitic worms from the Class Platyhelminthes. This organism reaches maturity in the gut in which the tapeworm feeds on nutrient rich food which the human has eaten. Mature proglottids of the tapeworm separate from the adult and are expelled in the feces. These feces may be eaten by herbivorous animals such as sheep or cattle which then become infected and pass the tapeworms along if their meat is improperly prepared. Tapeworms can also pass on a variety of illnesses e. . blindness, pain and inflammation. Caribbean example: Parasitic Dodder Vines and Golden apple tree: Dodder vines can attach themselves to a wide variety of plants and use its parasitic connections called haustoria to gain access to the plants vascular system. This essentially robs the host plant of food it has produced and in many cases can lead to the death of the host. Commensalism General Example: Shark and Remora. Remoras are small fish which can att ach themselves to a shark’s skin via a disc on its head. When the shark hunts the remora would detach itself and eat scraps which float by, by this method the remora benefits because it is allowed to feed but the shark is unaffected by the remora’s attachment. Caribbean Example: Human beings and Egrets: Usually before planting a crop the field must be ploughed and this is done in more recent times using heavy machinery, namely a tractor. As a result of the soil being turned over many insects and worms can be exposed and the Egret takes advantage of this. Usually wherever there is soil being ploughed many egrets can be found feeding, sometimes even an entire flock of them.

earnest hemingways heroes essays

earnest hemingway's heroes essays Many times, stories by Ernest Hemingway have much religious influence and symbolism. In The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, numerous occurrences in the life of Santiago the fisherman are similar to the incidents recorded in the life of Jesus of Nazareth. The names of the characters translated from Spanish to English are just one of those many similarities.The characters in The Old Man and the Sea are in actuality, major figures in the New Testament. Santiago is an old man, yet he had young eyes. No matter how defeated he was, he would never show it and he would look on the brighter side of things. In my mind, these traits makeSantiago a god-like figure. Manolin, which translates into Messiah, is Jesus (Stoltzfus qtd in CLC 13:280). Santiago is the "father" who teaches his symbolic son and disciple, Manolin. After catching the largest marlin,Manolin will leavehis parents in order to follow the teachings of Santiago, his master, just as Jesus did (Stoltzfus qtd in CLC 13:280). Pedrico is actually Saint Peter, Jesus' closest apostle and a great fisherman (Wilson 50). Peter helped Jesus fish for souls as Pedrico helped Manolin fish for food. Santiago gives Pedrico the head of the mutilated marlin which symbolizes Saint Peter as head of the Christian church and the first Pope (Stoltzfus CLC 280).In the story, there are many references to the crucifixion of Jesus. Santiago's badly injured hands evoke the hands of the crucified Jesus and three other situations reinforce this theory (Brenner, The Old Man and the Sea, Story of a Common Man 37).First, Santiago's marlin is approached by a pair of shovel nosed sharks. "Ay', he said out loud." (Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea 107) There is no meanin g of "Ay", but perhaps it is the sound a man makes as his hands are nailed to wood (Brenner, The Old Man and the Sea, Story of a Common Man 38). Next, once back on shore, Santiago climbs the hill to his shack ,with the mast...

John Dillinger - Public Enemy No. 1

John Dillinger - Public Enemy No. 1 During the eleven months spanning from September 1933 through July 1934, John Herbert Dillinger and his gang robbed numerous Midwest banks, killed ten people and wounded at least seven others, and staged three jailbreaks. The Start of the Spree After serving a little more than eight years in prison, Dillinger was paroled on May 10, 1933, for his part in a 1924 robbery of a grocery store. Dillinger came out of prison as a very bitter man who had become a hardened criminal. His bitterness stemmed from the fact that he was given concurrent sentences of 2 to 14 years and 10 to 20 years while the man who committed the robbery with him served only two years. Dillinger immediately returned to a life of crime by robbing a Bluffton, Ohio bank. On September 22, 1933, Dillinger was arrested and jailed in Lima, Ohio as he was awaiting trial on the bank robbery charge. Four days after his arrest, several of Dillinger’s former fellow inmates escaped from prison shooting two guards in the process. On October 12, 1933, three of the escapees along with a fourth man went to the Lima county jail posing as prison agents who were there to pick up Dillinger on a parole violation and return him to prison. This ruse didn’t work, and the escapees ended up shooting the sheriff, who lived at the facility with his wife. They locked the sheriff’s wife and a deputy in a cell to free Dillinger from incarceration.   Dillinger and the four men who had freed him – Russell Clark, Harry Copeland, Charles Makley, and Harry Pierpont immediately went on a spree robbing a number of banks. In addition, they also looted two Indiana police arsenals where they took various firearms, ammunition and some bulletproof vests.   Ã‚   On December 14, 1933, a member of Dillinger’s gang killed a Chicago police detective. On January 15, 1934, Dillinger killed a police officer during a bank robbery in East Chicago, Indiana. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began posting photos of Dillinger and the members of his gang in the hope that the public would recognize them and turn them into local police departments.   The Manhunt Escalates Dillinger and his gang left the Chicago area and went to Florida for a short break before heading to Tucson, Arizona. On January 23, 1934, firemen, who responded to a blaze a Tucson hotel, recognized two hotel guests as being members of Dillinger’s gang from the photos that had been published by the FBI. Dillinger and three of his gang members were arrested, and police confiscated a cache of weapons that included three Thompson submachine guns, as well as five bulletproof vests, and more than $25,000 in cash. Dillinger was transported to the Crown Point, Indiana county jail which local authorities claimed was â€Å"escape proof† a claim which Dillinger proved wrong on March 3, 1934. Dillinger used a wooden gun that he had whittled in his cell and used it force the guards to open his. Then Dillinger locked up the guards and stole the Sheriff’s car, which he drove to and abandoned in Chicago, Illinois. This act allowed the FBI to finally join the Dillinger manhunt since driving a stolen car across state lines constitutes a federal offense. In Chicago, Dillinger picked up his girlfriend, Evelyn Frechette and they then drove to St. Paul, Minnesota where they met up with several of his gang members and Lester Gillis, who was known as â€Å"Baby Face Nelson.†Ã‚   Public Enemy No. 1 On March 30, 1934, the FBI learned that Dillinger may be in the St. Paul area and agents began speaking with managers of rentals and motels in the area and learned that there was a suspicious â€Å"husband and wife†   with the last name of Hellman at the Lincoln Court Apartments. The following day, an FBI agent knocked on the Hellman’s door, and Frechette answered but immediately closed the door. While waiting for reinforcements to arrive a member of Dillinger’s gang, Homer Van Meter, walked towards the apartment and upon being questioned shots were fired, and Van Meter was able to escape. Then Dillinger opened the door and opened fire with a ​machine gun allowing him and Frechette to escape, but Dillinger was injured in the process.​ A wounded Dillinger returned to his father’s home in Mooresville, Indiana with Frechette. Shortly after they arrived, Frechette returned to Chicago where she was promptly arrested by the FBI and was charged with harboring a fugitive. Dillinger would remain in Mooresville until his wound healed.After holding up a Warsaw, Indiana police station where Dillinger and Van Meter stole guns and bulletproof vests, Dillinger and his gang went to a summer resort called the Little Bohemia Lodge in northern Wisconsin. Due to the influx of gangsters, someone at the lodge phoned the FBI, who immediately set out for the lodge. On a cold April night, the agents arrived at the resort with their car lights turned off, but dogs immediately began barking. Machine gunfire broke out from the lodge, and a gun battle ensued.   Once the gunfire stopped, the agents learned that Dillinger and five others had been able to escape once again.    By the summer of 1934, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover  named John Dillinger as America’s very first â€Å"Public Enemy No. 1.†

Women and Poverty in the Philippines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women and Poverty in the Philippines - Essay Example Bear in mind that in a lot of these cases the women are primary income earners, and in their quest for high-paying jobs they often rolling the dice with a heavy heart. A lot of the income earned by these women fuel the economies of their home countries to the tune of millions of dollars annually. The question is, have the effects of poverty effectively dehumanized the women living in developing countries Let us take a closer look at the situation of women in the Philippines, one of the world's leading providers of woman migrant workers because of the seething poverty that is prevalent in the country. (United Nations Development Fund for Women, 2008) Women in the Philippines are considered the backbone of its society, being a Roman Catholic country. While most men are still the primary wage earners, a significant portion of women are the breadwinners of an increasingly large number of single-parent households. Now, the main point of contention here is that the Philippines is not exactly an equal opportunity employer. The majority of the well-paying jobs still go to the men, and women are oftentimes relegated to low-paying, menial work such as secretarial jobs or clerking posts. And that's if they choose to do it the " honorable" way. Rampant stories run abound about with nursing school graduates saddled with an unwanted pregnancy, and are then forced to work as prostitutes to support the child as the husband had abandoned her. The Philippines is a country seemingly built for infidelity, and the practice is as socially accepted as it can ever get.. Thus, women are often saddled with unwanted babies, and with no good-paying jobs t o support them, are forced to turn to drastic measures. (Department of Social Welfare and Development, 2008) While not all women are keen on exploring prostitution as a living , the next best alternative is to look for jobs abroad as a migrant worker. A lot of times these women would roll the dice and pay exorbitant "placement fees" to recruitment agencies just to land jobs overseas. These fees can go as high up as $1000- $2000, and some agency contracts will automatically deduct the amount through monthly installments from whatever will be earned overseas. For a country where the daily minimum wage is approximately Php 365 (roughly about $9), these placement fees oftentimes have these migrant worker aspirants committing their entire life savings in the hope for a better life. (Department of Labor and Employment, 2008) Because of poverty, it truly is a shot in the dark for these women, and they are willing to risk everything in order for their families to live comfortably. Once again, the burden of sacrifice is left on their shoulders. If the Filipina is lucky enough to indeed land the job she was promised, one last pitfall is to be at the mercy of an abusive employer. These all the more illustrate the sorry state of poverty in the Philippines, where economic status is terribly disproportionate, just like in India. The rich are ridiculously wealthy, while the rest of the country toils in crippling poverty. There is no defined middle class, hence no decent-paying jobs are available for majority of these women. (Countrystudies : Philippines, 2008) In the

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it Essay

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it - Essay Example Economists and sociologists concur and disagree with this remark. This essay will look at what analysts have established and will attempt to work out the consequence that immigration has posed on the standards of livelihood of the workers in the U.S. Immigration is a diverse topic, although it could be assorted into two incredibly different components, lawful and unlawful immigration which will be mutually tackled in this report. The US has been portrayed as a melting pot due to the multiplicity that is found in the nation. Conversely, in instances when resources are scarce and the economy is stressed, immigration emerges as a debate of main concern (Brooks, 34). Being such extremely significant topic immigration has followers and opponents mutually having legitimate positions and concerns. To put into perception the manner in which the US has diversified is the fact that few data extend a long way. Presently, 12 percent of US’ inhabitants are overseas born and this guide has risen from 8 percent in 1990. Every year adding up together to the present inhabitants, which some might dispute is in fact overpopulation; somewhere from 700,000 to 900,000 citizens immigrate lawfully per year. In addition, it is probable that 500,0 00 additional people immigrate unlawfully annually. Individuals immigrate to the US from every place around the globe but the heavy bulk of immigrants in current years emerge from Latin America. Numerous economists have completed quantitative investigations to settle on the impact that immigration raise to put it on the natives’ level of comfort. Economists on either side of the coin or issue have not agreed on whether the effect on natives is optimistic or unenthusiastic even when they employ the identical information to support their position. Settlers can be perceived as â€Å"harmonizers† or â€Å"substitutes† to the actual citizens. As â€Å"harmonizers† to every other, citizens and immigrants do not fight for the identical jobs.

History 20th Century Essay Example for Free

History 20th Century Essay The historical past of a particular country is essential in understanding its present situation as well as in planning the future. Past events served as a basis as to why particular situations happen in the present. In relation to this, lesson learned in the past also becomes a guide in order to avoid previous mistakes. Being the case, analyzing a countrys history is indeed important. These ideas also holds true in the case of the 20th century African American leadership. The era of slavery in the United States of America holds a very important part in their history. It was during the time wherein the southern region of the country capitalizes in the exportation of cotton that this slavery of African American took place. As such, maltreatment of these people happened that is characterized by the discrimination and segregation of the African Americans from the whites. This is also the reason why many African American leaders started to go against this inhumane treatment and asked for changes. Their efforts might have taken a long time before it made a difference but it was worth it. It is also essential that primary resources are use in studying and analyzing the history of African American leadership because it should be taken into consideration that majority of the people who are in power during those times as well as at the present are whites. As such, some of them are capable of manipulating the information about the African American history. Studying the leadership of these African Americans is important because they epitomize how people struggle in order to fight for their rights. They also embody a turning point in the United States history because it was due to their leadership that the country reassesses their idea of freedom and democracy. Furthermore, it plays an important role for the country to understand the present state of African Americans as well as the development and areas for improvement of the situation of these people. Moreover, the lesson learned from this experience would aid the people to make things better so that the mistakes done in the past would not happen again.

National Debt :: Economy Economics Argumentative Papers

National Debt The national debt has always been a major concern of the american public, whether they truely know what it is all about or not. What most people do know is that the debt that our country has is continualy growing faster and faster at an unbelievable rate, toan amount that many of us can not even imagine. The national debt and it's problem has been an on going issue in today's headlines, and each president is faced with this buring problem. President Clinton tried to install a balanced budget plan during his current term in office, however it lost 99-1. Althought the public was not able to vote on this plan directly, we, or at least I have an opinion concerning the issue. I personally believe that the fact that our nation is constantly growing more in debt by the minute is a major problem. Although that techincally we do not have to pay it, is not the point. What is the point is that we are a nation that is in debt. According to reports, since 1981, our national debt has grown faster than our economy has, which to me seems to be a problem. If this debt was to be spread out among the people it would be more than the average american would be able to pay. We therefore, need some sort of policy that wouldeventurally cut our national debt to some reasonable amount. A new policy would help by lowering the currentinterest rates, which in turn would allow for moreinvestment to occur. This would raise our real GNP of the economy. This increse in investment would also increase our national savings as well, which would lead to an increase in the national income average of our nation's average families. Considering the amount of our debt, this healing process needs to be done over a long period of time. According to research, if done to quickly it would only hurt the current economy. If we are going to cut the governmental sevices it will need to be done in small doses. This will enable the average american to respond and prepare for the cuts. That way the american will not be hit as hard by the governmental cuts if they are prepared, and the effects will not be as harsh.

Education in a cosmopolitan Society Essay

Multiculturalism is being challenged by new theories of cosmopolitanism. Discuss in relation to education. Theories of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism have had a profound effect on Australian curriculum and education. Issues such as racism and secularisation have been a prominent feature of discussion in relation to the way it shapes the Australian curriculum and the shaping of our society. Multicultural education has been incorporated into the Australian curriculum since 1983. Rooted into the curriculum were multicultural perspectives and intercultural education, as an attempt to change attitudes towards a multicultural society. â€Å"Multiculturalism, in this sense, is ideologically inscribed in the very core of the â€Å"new Australia†(Ang, I. & Stratton, 1998). â€Å"In Australia as in Canada, multiculturalism is a centrepiece of official government policy, that is, a top-bottom political strategy implemented by the state to improve the inclusion of ethnic minoritie s within the national culture and to â€Å"manage cultural diversity†. (Ang, I. & Stratton, 1998) Since its introduction multiculturalism has been a policy that worked to accommodate the needs of immigrants. Multiculturalism became a theory that expressed the personality of the emergent ethno-cultural diversity of society in the final decades of the twentieth century. Although in theory, multiculturalism preaches equality, the development of self-awareness and self-worth, society has been faced with several problems in regards to the practice of multiculturalism in Australian curriculum. Some of these problems stem from the mentality where Social groups stay together and exclude others and also labelling on the basis of stereotypes occurs. It has also seen to have many benefits like the decrease of cultural based racism and an awareness of other cultures. Multicultural policies are constantly challenged and changing in Australia due to emerging cosmopolitan ideas and the way that these ideas shape the changing education curriculum in schools. The three different types of cosmopolitanism include political, moral and cultural cosmopolitanism. Differing from multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism acknowledges the fact that cultures can change and their mode of orientation to the world can also change so that people can develop a cosmopolitan disposition for themselves in the form of self-transformation. Where  multiculturalism has problems of selectiveness, cosmopolitanism maintains indifference to labels and stereotypes to create a diverse atmosphere. Cosmopolitanism pursues to assume transformations in cultural standards through the education of self-awareness, agency and identity. Together with education, cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism contributes to modelling a inclusive society. Delanty (2006) states, â€Å"The critical aspect o f cosmopolitanism concerns the internal transformation of social and cultural phenomena through self-problematisation and pluralisation. It is in the interplay of self, other and world that cosmopolitan processes come into play. Without a learning process, that is an internal cognitive transformation, it makes little sense in calling something cosmopolitan. As used here, the term refers to a developmental change in the social world arising out of competing cultural models. This suggests a procedural conception of the social.† Cosmopolitan learning is ‘not so much concerned with imparting knowledge and developing attitudes and skills for understanding other cultures per se but with helping students examine these, but with helping students examine the ways in which global processes are creating conditions of economic and cultural exchange that are transforming our identities and communities.’ (Rizvi 2009:265-266) Cosmopolitan learning stresses the idea that education is a crucial element in supporting the transformation of individuals and culture. It helps to move away from the â€Å"us† versus â€Å"them† perception that developed through multiculturalism. Educators should support students to explore the cosmopolitan ideas of global interconnectivity and individuality. This cosmopolitan view will enable students to connect locally built practices of cultural exchange to the wider practices of globalization. Cosmopolitan learning when incorporated into an already multicultural society and curriculum can help to achieve a level of interconnectedness and acceptance, also to maintain a diverse and open minded curriculum based learning. References: Ang, I. & Stratton, J. (1998) Multiculturalism in Crisis: The New Politics of Race and National Identity in Australia. Topia: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 2, 22-41 Delanty, G. (2006). The cosmopolitan imagination: critical cosmopolitanism and social theory. The British Journal of Sociology, 57(1), 25-47. Leeman, Y. & Reid, C. (2006). Multi/Intercultural Education in Australia and the Netherlands. Compare: A Journal of Comparative Education, 36(1), 57-72 Rizvi, F. (2008). Epistemic Virtues and Cosmopolitan Learning Radford Lecture, Adelaide Australia 27 November 2006. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1), 13-35 Sobe, N. W. (2009). Rethinking â€Å"Cosmopolitanism† as an Analytic for the Comparative Study of Globalization and Education. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 6-13 Spisak, S. (2009). The Evolution of a Cosmopolitan Identity: Transforming Culture. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 86-91 Werbner, P. (2006). Vernacular cosmopolitanism. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2-3), 496-498

Issuing Debt and Bond Valuation Essay

1. Internally generated funds and stock issuances are available for for-profit and internally generated funds, philanthropy, government grants, and sale of real estate are available to not-for-profit health care providers to increase their equity position. 2. The advantages of a taxpaying entity in issuing debt are fixed debt service payments, fixed interest rate, no risk ha investor sells bond back, and no leer of credit needed, while disadvantages are higher issuance expenses, may result in higher interest cost over life of loan, no refunds for bonds, unstable deb service payments, and decline in cash flow if interest rates increase. 3. Debenture is an unsecured bond, which is not backed by specific assets of the organization; so, it carries higher risk with a high interest rate. On the other hand, subordinated debenture is an unsecured bond that is junior to debenture bonds. In a case of default, the bondholders are paid first. 4. An investment banker syndicate a bond issue with other investment bankers to work as an underwriter for private placements to sell to a particular institution or group of institutions (banks, pension funds, or insurance companies). 5. $1,000 zero coupon bond with a 20-year maturity has a market price of $311.80. Rate of return = (1000 / 311.80)^(1/20) = 1.7 1000 / 311.80 tells you how many times the money multiplies over 20 years. 6. A tax-exempt bond was recently issued at an annual 8 percent coupon rate and matures 20 years from today. The par value of the bond is $1,000. 7. If required market rates are 8 percent, the market price of the bond = $80 x PVFA (0.08,20) + $1000 x PVF (0.08, 20) = $80 x 9.8181 + $1000 x 0.2145 = $1000 8. If required market rates fall to 5 percent, the market price of the bond = $80 x (0.08,20) + $1000 x (0.05,20) = $750 9. Charles City Hospital plans on issuing a tax-exempt bond at the bond are $1,000. 10. If required market rates are 6 percent, the value of the bond= 60 x PVFA (0.06,1)+1000 x PVF (0.06,1)= 60 x 0.943 + 1000 x 0.943=$996.4 11. If required market rates fall to 12 percent, the value of the bond=120 x PVFA (0.12,1) + 1000 x PVF (0.12,1) = 120 x 0.892 + 1000 x 0.892 = $ 996.8 12. Since 3 percent, 6 percent, and 12 percent values are lower than $1000. They are sold at a discount. 13. Option#1 Device cost 400,000 Useful value 5 Yearly Depreciation 80,000,00 Interest rate 15% Loan period 5 Loan yearly installments 119,326.22 Option#2 Lease Yearly Payment $80,000.00 Difference between loan & Lease $39,326.22 Tax Saving=Yearly Depreciation X 40% =$32,000.00=$400,000/5 years X Tax % After tax cost of debt $3,539.00 interest component X after tax rate 9% Total saving from option#1 $35,539.00 Option #1 (Borrowing) $83,787.22 Option#2 (Leasing) $80,000.00 Therefore, Mercy medical mega center should lease the surgical device because the total cost will be less than to borrow the money to purchase the device.

Politics Of The 1900 Essays - Sex Industry, Casual Sex, Free Essays

Politics Of The 1900 Essays - Sex Industry, Casual Sex, Free Essays Politics Of The 1900 The events that occur in Upton Sinclairs book The Jungle were same things that people in the early 20th century had to deal with everyday. For example labor was exploited to the employers benefit. Political corruption and prostitution were some main points in the book. The most important idea, the book supports socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. These things are what they had to go through and will be further explained. The labor force was exploited to the employers benefits. The workers didnt have any set wages. A very few days of practical experience in this land of high wages had been sufficient to make clear to them the cruel fact that it was also a land of high prices, and that in it the poor man was almost as poor as in any other corner of the earth; and so there vanished in a night all the wonderful dreams of wealth that had been haunting Jurgis. What had made the discovery all the more painful was that they were spending, at American prices, money which they had earned at home rates of wagesand so were really being cheated by the world! There were unsafe working conditions that the workers had to tolerate day after day the company had no care of. . The injury was not one that Durham and Company could be held responsible for, and so that was all there was to it, so far as the doctor was concerned. Also was no job security, the workers fear of being fired anytime of the day. For example, due t o their overproduction in the summer, the workers were forced to shut down in the winter making the workers unemployed when they need financial support the most. Political corruption and prostitution were some things that went on in the story. The politicians didnt care about anybody but themselves and the vote that they get. Whose fault was it that at the hours when workingmen were going to their work and back, the cars were so crowded that the conductors could not collect all the fares? And besides, the companies were thieves, people saidhad stolen all their franchises with the help of scoundrelly politicians! Also prostitution was a big problem also. Young girls who are just trying to survive or women who have to families need means to support them were forced into prostitution as an easy way of getting money. Marriage and prostitution were two sides of one shield, the predatory man's exploitation of the sex pleasure. If she had no money, she was a proletarian, and sold herself for an existence. The book also supports the idea that socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. The book shows that the working class is lowest end of society, but if the workers can make a difference. If they pull together and fight the system they will win their freedom. When a Socialist was elected to office he voted with old party legislators for any measure that was likely to be of help to the working class, but he never forgot that these concessions, whatever they might be, were trifles compared with the great purposethe organizing of the working class for the revolution. These were some of the things that went during that time. It was a hard time for the immigrants but it turned out that these immigrants were the ones that made this great country America. Without them we wouldnt be at where at without them.

Organisational Change Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Change Management - Case Study Example The organization is also likely to face stiff competition from its competitors in the market some of who may be so aggressive thus the need to encourage innovativeness as a way to realizing the much needed change as some consider rebranding with the sole aim in mind. Effectiveness is of the essence owing to its ability to better place the organization far beyond its competitors. In order to attain high projections it’s wise to be more conversant on how the market may be faring at any one time and could be facilitated when a good feedback system is adopted (Berger, Sikora & Berger, 1994). In order to bring about change, change ought to begin at an individual level before it can be marketed. Staffs are thus expected to embrace a good attitude while going about their duties. This is due to its ability to increase productivity as most staffs are more motivated when this is achieved. A number of considerations are thus looked at both at internal and external levels due to their sig nificance to this process. Such factors are able to affect the entire process in both direct and indirect way. In order to achieve much one ought to use his skills and knowledge appropriately while implementing change in line with upgrading current systems to match up with the changing world as (Managing Change, 2003). While championing change one is likely to realize that this if well managed could be used as an effective tool thus making it possible to overcome existing barriers which in a more efficient way. Factors triggering the need for Change   Change management is a transformation process championed in an organization while striving at maintaining its relevancy in the industry. It could be adopted while trying to solve noted problem or rather trying to take advantage of an opportunity in a more ambitious way before other players capitalize on it. A number of common features are stated below and could give us a clue on what may cause it. 1. A new system is likely to be acqu ired by the organization and thus could be working on modalities geared at its implementation (Nickols, 2000). Factors leading to such change could be externally or internally derived. 2. In some situations organizations may be forced to adhere to change owing to a change in legislation based on the laws of certain countries, social issues as well as competition (Nickols, 2000). During such events rarely does it have a say regarding such issues. How does Change Management work several procedures are followed while going about the change process. At the top of the list change trigger are noted and good strategies initiated till the entire process is implemented as illustrated; Figure 1: The Change Management Model (L. A. Berger et al., 1994) Change Management Value A lot can be derived from this process basically because it motivates them towards realizing the much needed change while limiting barriers in existence at the organizational environment level. It is thus important to reco gnize the present need for change before taking any meaningful step to actualizing anything. When such problems are handled well organizations are more likely to derive much from such situation and could be because they could present an opportunity to them (Nickols, 2000). Table 1  - Examples of Change Management   Barriers/Drivers Example Motivation  - lack of value or confidence; don't care or understand the benefits Motivation

EMPLOYEE RESOURCING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EMPLOYEE RESOURCING - Essay Example rt will finally attempt to provide necessary recommendations which may affect employee resourcing issues that may help ADT Ltd establish a policy to satisfy all members of staff. The recommendations would be drawn from case studies in UK from a legal stand point with the aim of showing the effectiveness of work-life balance and flexible working for APT Ltd as a measure of motivating the employees as well as motivating them. Employees are the backbone of every organisation hence effective recruitment, improving their performance as well as putting measures that reduce staff turnover are major factors that determine success of business during the contemporary period. More often than not, employ resourcing mainly depends on the available human resources tools and their ability to cope with the environment they will be operating in. Before attempting to give a critical analysis of how ADT Ltd can establish a policy to satisfy all members of staff through striking a fine balance between flexible working and work-life balance, it is imperative to give a definition of employee resourcing for easier understanding of the issues raised in the case study. Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates and it gives the organisation the opportunity to select the most appropriate persons to fill its job needs (Carrell, R. et al 1995). Effective recruitment often attracts individuals to the organisation and also increases the chances of retaining the individuals once they have been hired. Thus, recruitment efforts seek to satisfy the needs of job applicants as well as the needs of managers hence the need for careful consideration by the HRM. ER in itself is more concerned with people management of how work is done and who would do it. In some cases unemployment rates may be high for instance in UK but still there would be shortages of people with particular skills that are in demand and often the few with those skills often find themselves working

Dissertation about knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Dissertation about knowledge management - Essay Example The underlying objective of this section is to give an overview concept of knowledge management this will be used as a basis for an understanding of PwC in Thailand. Also, the knowledge management processes and the role of information technology (IT) tools to support KM processes will be summarized and the detail will be further elaborated. The underlying objective of this section is to explain the available IT tools that are used in the organizations. This will be used to analyse the IT tools used by PwC Thailand. The next chapter will deal with the developing an analytical framework based on the existing literature. This will be focused on the factors that influence effective knowledge management. This will help better investigation of the limitation that is faced by the Knowledge Management Systems in the following chapters. The next Chapter will briefly present the methodology adopted in this dissertation. In particular a detailed explanation of the research method, the structure of the questionnaire and limitations of the research are presented. This chapter helps us understand the reasons why the questions are asked and how it helps answering the objective. Based on the research that is conducted, the findings and the analysis will be provided in the next chapter. This chapter included the data processing and analysis. This will be followed by the conclusion chapter. The part will conclude the content of the dissertation and provide recommendations to help the company overcome barriers of ineffective use of KMS. Furthermore, the dissertation ends with a suggestion for the further research. This dissertation aims at identifying the factors that create limitations for people to use KMS within the consultancy organization of PricewaterhouseCoopers in Thailand. The important of this research is to examine the effectiveness of using KMS and investigate the barriers preventing people to use Knowledge Management Systems effectively in

Invictus Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Invictus Response Paper - Essay Example I knew a great deal about the man and personally regard him as one of my several role models. Not only did the man spend 27 years in prison for being sentenced as a result of standing up for his people through his political activities and his believes but his resolve was so firm that he later became one of South Africa’s most beloved Presidents in the year 1994. One thing that is undeniable throughout the movie is the open admiration and respect in the hearts of the viewers for Nelson Mendela. His tact, his firm determination for his anti-apartheid cause and his true desire to unify his country wins the hearts of the viewers and dominates every aspect of the film. For me this film is focused stringently on Nelson Mandela and for most of the part I believe it is a great depiction of the man. Invictus spins around a web of celebration for the political leader as a sage. His wisdom and insights surpass not just that of his associates but he is shown as someone who has the ability to be autocratic in the gentlest manner, guiding his country from the midst of a chaos resulting from racial segregation with a firm grasp. This can be seen in the way Mandela not only realizes the reason for his nation’s disunity was apartheid but he decides to step forward and do something about it. Of the numerous qualities of Nelson Mandela, his determination and resolve are key highlighting characteristics that research highlights. Similarly in the movie, despite having a limited knowledge of sport, the viewed the South African rugby team as a tool to unify the country by participating in the 1995 World Cup Championship and gathering all his people under one flag regardless of their differences. It was a wise tactical move, one born not for the intent to entertain but for the underlying genius to move a nation into one. Invictus manages to shift focus from portraying the life of Nelson Mandela not during his years in prison and concluding with his release but depicts th e immediately inspiring struggle of the genius and his breathtaking act of leadership in the course of his first year as President. It shows the ability of the man to unite a scarred, fractious country through sports and as a result become the real champion. Invictus is accurate in showing how the defensive Afrikaner were won over by the Nelson Mandela’s endorsement of what they perceived was their sport, and gradually succumbed to the man’s charm. Furthermore the collaboration which views between Mandela and Pienaar the rugby team captain was a risky move which was a result of remarkable vision and courage. It could have easily be viewed as a symbol of betrayal by the black voters who had elected him and supporting the rugby team could have easily backfired as in the minds of his many supports it seemed to qualify as a symbol of apartheid. Keeping this in mind any average political leader might have simply disbanded the team in order to retain the favor of his support ers. However as seen in Invictus the true genius of the man lied in his ability to fight the odds and recognize that the rugby team which was a symbol of division as well as hatred for the masses could be transformed into an effective instrument of national unity. His thoughts can be accurately seen from a quote in Invictus "The rainbow nation starts here. Reconciliation starts here. Forgiveness starts here" (The guardian, 2010). Nelson Mendela’

Obstacles to Internationalization of Vietnamese SMEs

Obstacles to Internationalization of Vietnamese SMEs Major difficulties and obstacles to internationalization of Vietnamese SMEs Financing problems Lack of capital to expand production and business are considered as common phenomenon of SMEs. Despite of Vietnamese government’s effort to facilitate SMEs’ process of accessing capital and commercial banks have made great strides in the provision of credit to SMEs, surveyed about the difficulties, more than 60% of SMEs often have difficulty in financing, according to Vietnamese Ministry of Planning and Investment (VMPI, 2009). SMEs usually mobilized capital from relatives, friends or bank loans. Clearly, the poor access and low speed to access to capital is main disadvantage of SMEs compared to large corporations because it stymies the expansion, especially foreign expansion, of SMEs. The fact that only 30% of the capital is borrowed from banks and credit institutions. The main reasons are, most business have insufficient collateral for the institution to borrow money, financial management is not really transparent, and creditors sometimes acquire reputations as credit worthy because of moral hazard and adverse selection problems (TD). Sometimes, in hurry and needing capital, SMEs have to pay for non-financial creditors with interest rates 3 to 6 times higher than common official rates (VMPI, 2009). Difficulties in land and production premises Another difficulties that SMEs have to face is land and production premises. To some extend, it is also another financial problems for them. Over half of SMEs have major operations in the field of trade and most of them use their house as office, or lease small offices (VGSO, 2009). Otherwise, many manufacturing SMEs have to rent the land or premises with high cost. Even when they want to have long-term investment, there still is hesitation due to lack of legal guarantee (TD). Recently, many places have carried out many planning and construction of industrial clusters of SMEs aimed at bringing together the business production business. Some provinces such as Ha Noi, Bac Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Ha Nam, Thai Binh, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh Cityhave built many industrial clusters for production and attracting foreign investment. However, due to rent land with inadequate financial capacity of businesses in small scale, so many SMEs st ill cannot access these zones. SME survey data in 30 northern provinces, showed that 42% of businesses having difficulty in land and production premises. Imperfect information Another disadvantage of SMEs’ entry is their information disadvantages about market such as labor market, materials market, and output market conditions. Besides, customers’ poor information about these new entrants also account for blockade new SMEs have to face in foreign expansion procedure. However, there is argument that steady entry might erode the information barriers because later entrants can learn from earlier entrants’ mistakes. The higher steady flow of new entrants, the less dependence of customers and even workers on established large corporations (TD) Corporate management is not high quality and low quality human resources Level of production and business management of SMEs which are almost private enterprises, is still limited and largely based on personal experiences of business owners, investment with little application of information technology into management. Skilled workers in SMEs are fewer compared to large corporations because of relatively lower and less stable salary. Especially, new market entrants also may find it difficult to attract good workers because employment and contracts with established large firms are seen as less risky. Low level of technology, weaknesses in RD Most SMEs have the backward technology, equipment. According to VMPI, results of survey for small and medium enterprises in 30 Northern provinces, in the nearly 11 thousand industrial enterprises surveyed, there are only 8% of businesses having advanced technology. Surprisingly, there are 50% of businesses said they could reach the average level of technology, and the remaining 42% of enterprises chose the answer of backward technology (VMPI, 2009). Moreover, skilled workers in SMEs are few, so the quality of products, goods and services is not high, thus they have weak competitiveness and difficult to dominate domestic and international market. The level of investment in technological renovation of enterprises is still low compared with development requirements. Most SMEs are lack of motivation on the research for technological innovation. Content of technology and knowledge in goods of Vietnam SMEs are low. In fact, the product is made mainly based on capital and unskilled labors. Only some small firms are innovators. Many smaller firms undertake no innovative activity. Some may be serving local niche markets relying on owner’s control. Still other small firms might be unsuccessful innovators (TD) Awareness and observance of the law is limited A number of SMEs have not followed strictly the provisions of law, especially provisions on taxation, financial management, labors management, quality of goods and intellectual property. The situation of complaint about the laws compliance of enterprises has been popular even in the period of deeper economic integration with various international commitments. This could even lead to conviction because of tax and financial violations. Therefore, limited awareness of law brings greater barriers to foreign expansion because SMEs need to work with not only domestic but also foreign legal system. Survey report The difficulties and benefits to the internationalization of SMEs 1. Difficulties To find out solutions to promote internationalization, research has to point out the obstacles from the environment inside and outside the enterprises. For SMEs, the main difficulties are often referred to as inside and outside difficulties. Inside difficulties of Vietnamese SMEs Inside difficulties: Lack of capital, Lack of quality human resources, Out of date Technology, Difficulties in acquiring land and facilities for manufacturing and trade activities, Lack of knowledge and experiences in international business environment, and Limitation in management capability. 1: Lack of capital 2: Lack of quality human resources 3: Out of date Technology 4: Difficulties in acquiring land and facilities for manufacturing and trade activities 5: Lack of knowledge and experiences in international business environment 6: Limitation in management capability 7: Others Data from our survey shows that Lack of capital, Lack of quality human resources and Lack of knowledge and experiences in international business environment are main difficulties of SMEs. Especially, there are about 50% of SMEs considering the lack of capital is most important reason inside SMEs, which is the obstacle to the internationalization. Other reasons such as Out of date Technology, Difficulties in acquiring land and facilities for manufacturing and trade activities, Limitation in management capability are not higher but each of them also account for more than 10%. Outside difficulties of Vietnamese SMEs Outside difficulties: Highly risky and competitive environment, Unattractive profit, Disadvantages from the Vietnamese Policies, Too many barriers and restrictions to market penetration in many foreign countries. 1: Highly risky and competitive environment 2: Unattractive profit 3: Disadvantages from the Vietnamese Policies 4: Too many barriers and restrictions to market penetration in many foreign countries 5: Others In terms of outside reasons, almost SMEs (nearly 70%) consider highly risky and competitive environment is the main obstacle to internationalization. One of the special features are drawn from the survey is, in addition to concerns about the risks and fierce competition in the business environment, many SMEs consider the inadequacies of government policies in Vietnam and barriers and restrictions to market penetration in many foreign countries are the main obstacles to their internationalization: 2. Benefits The main benefits: Helping innovation technology, Business experience gaining, Improving the qualification for employees and leadership skills for the management, Spreading enterprise’s image, brand and prestige, Providing opportunities to attract and accumulate more capital. Benefits from internationalization: 1: Help with innovation of technology 2: Help with business experience again 3: Improve the qualification for employees and leadership skills for management 4: Help spread your enterprise imagine, brand and prestige 5: Provide opportunities to attract and accumulate more capital 6: Others In terms of positive effects, according to our survey, most SMEs think that five positive effects mentioned above are the main positive impact on their business. Other positive impacts account only 1.13%. Especial thing is, there are nearly 70% of SMEs believe internationalization will help them with business experience gaining. Actually, in a volatile business environment with many risks and challenges, this is a positive and optimistic signal of SMEs. Furthermore, many of them believe that internationalization helps to expand their business, brand and prestige. Moreover, as discussed in obstacles part, lack of capital is significant obstacle to internationalization, but in the chart above, we can see that they also think internationalization as a way to providing opportunities to attract and accumulate more capital (with more than 50% of SMEs believe internationalization as a way to providing opportunities to attract and accumulate more capital). Recommendations The result of this research lead to some recommendations for policy makers and SMEs managers For policy makers Create a favorable business legal environment which is equal, transparent, Continue to further economic reform and open the economy policy; Continue to simplify the regulations to create favorable conditions for business registration, market entry and operations of the firms: Enterprise Law, Land Law (Facilitate access to land and production premises for SMEs), Tax Law, Trade Law (Promote the international economic integration through bilateral, regional and multilateral channels), etc. Create favorable conditions for SME access to finance: Credit guarantee fund, SME financial fund, venture investment fund, get loan from commercial banks, etc. (Ministry of Finance, State Bank of Vietnam, Provinces and central run cities) Support SMEs to improve their competitiveness: technique innovation, intellectual property protection, training on enterprise management and for human resource, market information (Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Education and Training) For SMEs managers In internationalization process, SMEs need take initiative in preparing the necessary â€Å"baggage†, creating a basic capacity of international economic integration and ready to grasp better the opportunities and confront challenges from this process Map out a strategy to internationalize SMEs need to carefully research the market, study the strengths and weaknesses, research opportunities and challenges; clearly define the objectives, benefits and risks of internationalization; find out the main factors and conditions deciding the success of internationalization; choose the suitable methods of internationalization. Take opportunities to attract more capital and innovating technology In terms of technology, SMEs need to promote its inherent flexibility to capture and take advantage of the opportunity to catch new technology. Besides financial aid from the government, SMEs should actively seek opportunities from other resources such as financial support from the joint venture partnership; establish feasible business projects to attract capital from banks, venture capital funds; conduct joint venture with other firms as needed. Apply international standards in production and business One of the challenges or obstacles for Vietnamese SMEs when enter the world market are the technical barriers to trade. Countries have different requirements related to goods and services. When international economic integrating, Vietnam SMEs must also acquiesce by these requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to apply international standards in production and business activities actively, depending on the requirements of markets and depending on the ability of each enterprise. Emphasis on improving human resources quality SMEs should be more emphasis on improving human resources quality, focused training and recruitment of talented and knowledgeable managers about the international market, skilled workers who have ability to grasp new technology. SMEs also need stronger links with educational institution for training and retraining of human resources. Moreover, to organize production and marketing in foreign market, managers need to work with new legal system and social customs. Therefore, sending out expatriate managers and experts is also necessary because managers with inexperienced in internationalization may not have necessary knowledge to be efficient international operators.

Neuromancer Essay -- Literature Review

The life of a human being is defined not only by their own definition by character or nature but also by external influences such as environment and development. It is only natural for a human being to be inter-connected with surroundings and to be a part of the actions and events around him /her. Due to the nature of the human mind in which we use to improvise upon existing methods of improving quality of life and comforts, the world has evolved into a place of complex technological development. The influence of technology and other developments in regard to artificially created luxuries has played an important role in shaping our world and continues to be our top priority of existence. The impact that the evolving world and ideologies has had its influence on most other fields, including literature, as authors attempt to envision the future that the evolution process holds for us, trying to imagine extreme possibilities that might take shape in the future, leading us into a world that would have seemed like a fantasy in the past. This paper studies in detail the use of technology for negative causes, contributing to the view that technology could mean destruction or negative implications when considered in the light of its negative applications. Another aspect that has been discussed is the fact that these negativities would seem plausible as it might be common in the future that we will have to face as the human race evolves further in terms of science. There have been several authors that have based their fictional works on the future of science, William Gibson being one such author who was successful in conveying to his readers the vision of a distant future that he held in his mind, a place that held c... ...nternet crimes. The novel gives a picture of the world that technology could lead us into, the main themes mentioned giving us an idea of the outcomes that would follow the extension of the technology that prevail currently. The base of the story may said to be "more accurate in an iconic sense than as a map of where we're going."(Gibson 55). However, the most interesting aspect is that these ideas were not entirely predictable in the year of the book’s publication, 1984 and yet has been successful in guessing the direction of the development of scie4nce and technology. This is perhaps the most disturbing aspect too, as it makes the readers wonder that if he was right about the direction that technological advances have taken, it could also be true that we will be lead into a world similar to that described by Gibson in his book.

Rice Cake Production

Rice cakes have only two critical ingredients—rice and water. The rice itself needs certain characteristics to produce the best quality cake and limit breakage. Sticky rice, whether white or brown, tends to work best, while long-grain varieties don't expand during cooking as vigorously. Water is important early in preparation. Other ingredients like salt (added before popping or sprayed on after) and various flavorings are important considerations to taste-and nutrition-conscious consumers but are not significant to the production process.Product ConceptEase of production and marketability are major concerns when a new type of rice cake is considered. The popping machines are expensive investments, so the product must be readily adaptable to the machine. Production trials have shown that additives greatly increase the likelihood of breakage, so spices, herbs, and seeds are not mixed with the rice before the cake is made although they may be added to the surface later.Similarly , salt and flavorings are now sprayed on; earlier methods of adding them to the rice were less than successful in the survival rate of whole rice cakes and in taste. Some manufacturers have also eliminated mini rice cakes from their product line. The novelty of the smaller cakes was more costly to produce than sales warranted. A constant stream of new flavor possibilities and other options are under consideration, but only careful assurance of a contented public and minimal production difficulties justifies a new product line.The Manufacturing Process1.The simple process of making rice cakes is based on the fact that rice subjected to the right combination of heat and pressure will expand to fill a given space.The rice cakes are sprayed and packaged.The manufacturer's specifically preferred type of raw rice (depending on stickiness, expansion potential, and taste) is soaked in water until the right moisture level is attained.2.The moist rice is fed into hoppers above popping machine s. A major producer of rice cakes may have 80 or 90 machines with one to three cooking heads, each of which produces one cake every 15 seconds.3.The rice is gravity-fed from the hopper into the  cast-iron mold or cooking head in the popping machine. The mold is heated to hundreds of degrees, and a slide plate opens to impose a vacuum on the moist rice mass. After 8 to 10 seconds of exposure to heat at this pressure, the lid of the mold expands, creating an even greater vacuum on the contents. In the last few seconds of heating, the mixture explodes to fill the given space. If the rice forms a large proportion of the exploded mass, it will be more satisfying, have a better texture, and be full of natural flavor. â€Å"Styrofoam†-or â€Å"hockey puck†-like rice cakes show that either too much air and not enough rice is in the mix (styrofoam) or that the moisturedensity relationship is wrong, causing solidity but no flavor (hockey puck). Given the proper chemistry, the bran and other components of the rice bond to each other so the popped mixture sticks together without gumming additives.4.After the cake has exploded in the popping machine, the cooking head opens and the cake falls gently on a conveyor belt. The belt carries the cake past one or more spraying heads where salt may be added or the cakes are flavor-enhanced. Natural flavors are preferred by consumers and include everything from strawberry, caramel, apple cinnamon, blueberry, and almond to salsa, nacho, taco, salt-only, or Tamari seaweed. Some rice cake manufacturers will accept orders for private-label flavors.5.The conveyor, now carrying flavored cakes, passes through a tunnel dryer where the moisture added by the flavor sprayers is driven off.6.The conveyor moves to the bagging area, where the rice cakes are removed from the conveyor by hand, inspected for any breakage, and stacked, sealed in shrinkwrap, and packaged in an overwrap bag printed with the product identification and se aled. The bags are then packed in cartons for bulk sale.Quality ControlQuality control at the rice cake plant is a labor-intensive process. Any breakage means lost revenue, and maintenance of moisture levels and popping machines are critical. Moisture throughout the process and the factory is monitored constantly. The ambient (naturally occurring) humidity may alter production; on a dry day, more moisture may have to be added to the rice. The finished cakes will absorb moisture, but this is avoided by completing the process from popping machine to bagging in a few minutes.The popping machines themselves are cleaned every few hours. If the molds collect  moisture or rice, the new cake will stick to the mold and become brittle and break. Because the cakes are individually hand-sorted prior to bagging, damaged rice cakes can be discarded before they reach a bag. Once they are ready for sale, the rice cakes have a remarkably long shelf life of over a year during which they retain tast e and texture. If rice cakes have lost their crispness, they can be quickly revived at home by reheating them in a toaster. Even the freshest cakes benefit from a little heat that tends to restore their flavor.Byproducts/WasteThere is essentially no waste in the process of making rice cakes except for breakage. Enterprising producers have created markets for the broken cakes by selling them as cold cereal and ingredients in candy bars as well as bags of broken rice cakes for snacking. Flavors that fall out of fashion are removed from the product line and replaced by new flavors that are in development constantly. Chips, crackers, and other snack foods often provide flavor guidelines for rice cake makers.The FutureIncreasing health consciousness bodes well for the future of rice cakes. As the treat has become popular as a snack, buyers have become more discriminating in rejecting Styrofoam/hockey puck products for those with better textures and flavors. The range of designer flavors offers something for every taste, and, of course, the consumer can top the rice cake of choice with fruit, peanut butter, or other enhancements to make an even more varied snack. In an age of energy, health, and time awareness, the 15-second rice cake seems to have harvested its long history.

Under the Influence Analysis

â€Å"Under the Influence† Rhetorical Analysis In â€Å"Under the Influence†, Scott Russell Sanders recreates his memories and feelings of loss, anger, and fear from his childhood inflicted by his alcoholic father. Sanders shares that growing up with a drunken parent can have a serious long-term effect on a child. He educes awareness and empathy for others by using similes, imaginary, and allusions to recreate battles against his father. Sanders writes to support other victims and to let them know they are not alone.Sanders opens his essay with a very direct fact: â€Å"My father drank†. Although this sentence is simple, his story is not. In the next sentence, he uses a simile to describe his father’s transformation with every alcoholic binge. Sanders wrote that his father â€Å" drank as a gut punched boxer gasps for breath, as a starving dog gobbles food compulsively, secretly, in pain and trembling†. He uses this simile to show that his father wa s not a social drinker, but a man who would drink just to drink.Sanders then uses imaginary to create a typical scene in his house while his father is drunk. He describes his father drinking from bottles of wine, cylinders of whisky, and cans of beer, then his father passes out in his recliner. Later, Sanders’s mother awakens him, which is when the fighting begins. This imaginary creates a sense of sadness and empathy for Sanders, for this was a daily issue for him. Sanders’s purpose for writing â€Å"Under the Influence† was to show that people do not act like themselves when consumed by alcohol.When alcohol takes over a person, they are to be feared. While continuing the story, Sanders begins to use different terms for the word â€Å"drunk†, such as tipsy, pickled, plowed, juiced, and looped. He points out that some of these words are meant to be funny, but the irony is that this is not a funny matter. The irony creates a sense of remorse for the people who suffer the way Sanders suffered growing up. As an adult, Sanders is able to accept the fact that his father suffered from a disease; however, this was not always easy for him to grasp.

Curriculum essay

Curriculum essay Curriculum essay Curriculum essayTeaching students with intellectual disabilities (ID) evokes considerable difficulties in face of educators, who have to develop effective methods and strategies that can facilitate the learning of students. However, students with ID often face difficulties with the adequate perception of instructions and proper response to them. This is why often educators should elaborate new methods, which are more sophisticated but more effective compared to conventional methods used in conventional classrooms.Interactive features and anchored instructions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interactive features and anchored instructions involve the use of the equipment and software, which allow students with ID respond to the stimulus used by educators in the course of instructions to evoke the target response from students. Interactive features and anchored instructions contribute to the better interaction between educators and students.   In addition, this method help s students to develop responsiveness to external stimuli and interact with their environment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, this method may confront the problem of the poor response of students with ID in interactive features, if they have problems with the perception of those visual means or cannot focus their attention on those features.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, this problem may be resolved through active physical and active prompting which will encourage students to stay focused on the interactive features and learning. Educators can help students with ID to focus on specific features and provide prompts that will help students to learn and understand instructions and respond to interactive features in the target way and, thus, learn instructions or develop target skills.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of the implementation of interactive features and anchored instructions may be high since the modern equi pment and software are needed, but effects of using this method outweigh its costs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of interactive features and anchored instructions can bring positive outcomes in terms of socialization as students with ID learn to interact with media and educators and develop skills, which can help them to develop their social interaction with other students, their peers and other people.Closed captioning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Closed captioning is another method that can be used to teach students with ID. This method involves the use of closed captions to provide prompts, when students with ID are watching video, clips and other visual materials (Fey 531). Such visual prompts help them to catch main points and understand instructions and educator’s messages better that facilitate their learning.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, closed captions imply the presence of relatively well-develo ped reading skills, which is not always the case of students with ID. In addition, students with ID may have difficulties to focus their attention on closed captions, while they are watching some video, for example.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of using closed captions are relatively low, if the equipment and software used for visual presentations and watching video materials in the course of instructions are already available to educators. In fact, they only need to add closed captions that require basic skills of using free software and media available to them. For example, even YouTube offers an opportunity to make closed captions. Therefore, educators will just need some time to make closed captions without investing substantial costs into the practical application of this method.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcomes of using this method are positive because closed captions help students with ID to focus on specific points and single out main points in video clips and other visual means, which they watch in the course of the instructions (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer 118). In such a way, students learn to focus their attention on specific issues, make generalization and distinguish key points.Picture-based symbols  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of picture-based symbols method implies the use of pictures that back up textual information or other instructions by means of developing close associations between the studied item and the image on the picture. For example, a student with ID, who learns to write, can associate the letter ‘A’ with apple. Attaching the picture of the apple to the letter will develop close association in student and he/she will memorize the letter through association with the apple (Hunt Marshall 185). Therefore, this method develops associative thinking and helps students to learn new items through picture-based associations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚   However, the drawback of this method is its inapplicability to complex instructions, when educators are trying to teach students with ID complex issues. For example, it is quite difficult to depict an abstract concept like ‘love’ or ‘peace’ by means of pictures in such a way that a student with ID developed right associations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of this method are low since educators do not need much funds to create pictures to back up instructions, which they are going to deliver during the class to students with ID.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the aforementioned methods have both strengths and weaknesses but educators should be able to apply them in their work with students with ID because, under certain conditions, they can be effective and facilitate the learning process for students. In addition, these methods match current standards aiming at the inclusion of all students in the le arning process because they make instructions comprehensible and available to students and open better educational opportunities for them.

Free Essays on Euripides’ Perspective

Euripides’ Perspective Hell hath no fury, like a woman scorned. Most people are familiar with this phrase, but often do not fully think about what this statement means. It means that a scorned woman’s actions aren’t comparable, even to what atrocities Hell has to offer. To say that a scorned woman’s vengefulness is to be more feared than anything in Hell is a pretty outlandish statement. It means that a woman who has been scorned is more powerful than the worst place imaginable. The theme of a â€Å"woman scorned† is definitely prevalent through out the story of Medea, which was written by Euripides, the legendary Greek playwright. Euripides voiced his opinions about Greek society, through his characters. By using the characters in his plays to comment on Greek society, Euripides was able to expose his audience to new perspectives on women’s roles in society, as well as new perspectives on religion. To summarize the story of Medea, Jason and Medea are living in Corinth with their two children. Having moved there, all of them are considered outsiders; thus they find no role for themselves in this new society. As a male of Greek heritage, Jason has a problem with this. To solve his problem, Jason plans to marry King Creon’s daughter, abandoning his family. King Creon then exiles Medea from Corinth. Needless to say, Medea is very upset about this situation. She conspires to kill King Creon’s daughter, along with her own children, just to make Jason suffer. She sends the princess a poisoned dress. Once the princess puts it on, she bursts into flames. The king then comes in, embraces his daughter’s body, which melts him to her, and then he himself dies. Then, upon hearing of their deaths, Medea puts her final action into place. She proceeds to kill her own children. She kills her own children because she knows that is the only thing that will avenge w hat Jason did to her. It is the only way to make him tr... Free Essays on Euripides’ Perspective Free Essays on Euripides’ Perspective Euripides’ Perspective Hell hath no fury, like a woman scorned. Most people are familiar with this phrase, but often do not fully think about what this statement means. It means that a scorned woman’s actions aren’t comparable, even to what atrocities Hell has to offer. To say that a scorned woman’s vengefulness is to be more feared than anything in Hell is a pretty outlandish statement. It means that a woman who has been scorned is more powerful than the worst place imaginable. The theme of a â€Å"woman scorned† is definitely prevalent through out the story of Medea, which was written by Euripides, the legendary Greek playwright. Euripides voiced his opinions about Greek society, through his characters. By using the characters in his plays to comment on Greek society, Euripides was able to expose his audience to new perspectives on women’s roles in society, as well as new perspectives on religion. To summarize the story of Medea, Jason and Medea are living in Corinth with their two children. Having moved there, all of them are considered outsiders; thus they find no role for themselves in this new society. As a male of Greek heritage, Jason has a problem with this. To solve his problem, Jason plans to marry King Creon’s daughter, abandoning his family. King Creon then exiles Medea from Corinth. Needless to say, Medea is very upset about this situation. She conspires to kill King Creon’s daughter, along with her own children, just to make Jason suffer. She sends the princess a poisoned dress. Once the princess puts it on, she bursts into flames. The king then comes in, embraces his daughter’s body, which melts him to her, and then he himself dies. Then, upon hearing of their deaths, Medea puts her final action into place. She proceeds to kill her own children. She kills her own children because she knows that is the only thing that will avenge w hat Jason did to her. It is the only way to make him tr...

Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay Example for Free

Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay Internet censorship (6) , Alternative solutions (2) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints This report was commissioned to elaborate other alternative methods that can be used to monitor internet information in Australia without incorporating internet filtration as the Australian government proposes. The future of Australian children has been compromised by the immoral vices that the use of the internet perpetuates. Moreover, organizations, customers and innovators have also suffered from this paradigm which advocates for phishing, on-line identity theft and piracy among others. Therefore, the report advocates for the use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarians. These methods are not liable to scrutiny and criticism as they do not impede the first amendment bill of the constitution which advocates for freedom of expression among other concerns explained in the report. Furthermore, the report evaluates this range of methods and concludes that it would be ideal to implement the technology method. Introduction Advancement in technology has increased the reliance of internet as a means of entertainment and education source. It has also encompassed the education curriculum, social, economic and political activities creating both a positive and a negative impact. We have been able to succeed and are actually grateful because most of the information and technological know how can be retrieved with ease. However, our children and business enterprises have been adversely affected by the increased internet sexual harassment, privacy invasion, cyber-bullying, on-line identity theft, piracy and phishing just to mention a few in the unending list. In the event our children have developed aggressive attitudes which advocates for delinquent behaviours. On the other hand children that have experienced internet sexual harassment and bullying among others become depressed and thus are cut out from social life and its benefits. This explains the increased rates of teenage suicidal attempts in Australia (Australian Government 2007). Therefore, the government has taken a further step in an attempt of curbing this predicament by introducing mandatory internet filtration to all internet services at home, in schools and public computers used by he Australian children. The government also plans to prepare the Australian children on strategies of being responsible cyber-citizens, protecting their identity while on-line, understanding the impact of their actions on others while using the internet, responding to cyber-bulling and invasion of their privacy among other negative internet vices. To achieve this the government plans to launch education curriculum that provides first rate cyber-safety education programs and educate parents on the negative vices prevailed by the internet thus ensuring their children use the internet responsibly. Furthermore, the government plans to use the blacklist formulated by the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to ensure harmful information is not availed to the children, establish a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) to easily access information affecting children on-line and to do further research on cyber- safety issues in Australia among others (Australian Government 2007). This initiative has been met with mixed reactions as some citizens support the idea while others reject the move critically analysing it. Critics view the move as a lash to the development and welfare of the citizens in terms of internet use because internet censorship will reduce the speed of the internet, the initiative is not effective because people will still be able to access the prohibited information through the use of proxy services and web services just to mention a few. The initiative will also violate the first amendment bill which advocates for freedom of expression. The country will waste a huge sum of its capital through the implementation of this impractical solution because approximately USD 22billion of tax payers’ money will be used to implement this initiative. Furthermore, the criteria that will be used to determine the appropriate age to use the internet, the appropriateness of information on the internet and determining a comprehensive blacklist are in question. Therefore, to anal the dilemma the government is facing this report will elaborate on alternative methods of internet censorship other than internet filtration that can be used (Harvey 2009b). Alternative solutions To end the conflicts that have arisen because of the proposal of incorporating compulsory Internet Service provider (ISP) filtering in the country the government should implement other alternatives such as use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarian to implement internet censorship as outlined below. Technology The government can utilize the available technology to help implement their strategies on internet censorship rather than using internet filtration. It can establish websites that teach and warn adults and children on the dangers prevailed by the internet and how to avoid them. Alternatively it can take the initiative of funding such programs that have already being established. This method will be effective as the probability of people using the internet to access such information is high. The method is also cost effective as such initiatives have been implemented in other countries for example USA and proved to be efficient. Also the government will easily be able to avail on-line safety rules to the vicinity of children such as using passwords, meeting people met through the internet with the consent or accompaniment of parents and avoiding giving out personal information. For instance the Business Software Alliance (BSA) has enable to alert and educate e-tailers and customers on the dangers of internet such as auction site frauds, counterfeiting, identity theft and phishing among others and effective ways of preventing being victims of the above vices. BSA has established a website were they offer their learning and safe guarding tips by displaying stories from victims and tips of avoiding such incidents (Lindroth 2008). Moreover, programs that allow parents to personally regulate internet information availed to their children should be used. This will prevent the government from formulating legislations that violated constitutional rights such as freedom of speech and expression. It will also allow the development of this technology thus benefiting the country and improving the welfare of the population at large. For example US citizens have been able to enjoy the benefits of using glubble a Firefox browser plug-in that has enabled parents to create a safe browsing environment for their kids. The technology is easy to use, fast to install, helps parents to manipulate internet information at the vicinity of their children and enable their children to have the appropriate on-line experience. Furthermore, it does not limit internet information that is important to adults but harmful to children such as family planning tips. Therefore, the government should capitalize on such mechanisms by offering their support either politically or economically (Gary 2009). Political power The government is politically empowered thus has the power to control legislations and policies that regulate this country. Therefore, it should use this opportunity to formulate policies that will enable attainment of cyber-security without contradicting on legislations that had been previously formulated. For instance use of plug-ins and programs that will allow parents and public utilities where children are predominate users of the internet will increase intellectual property infringement therefore, legislations that will protect owners innovation should be stipulated allowing effective use of trade marks, patents and copyright laws among others thus expand the rights of these intellectual property holders. This will encourage innovators thus increase the variety of the advanced technology to consumers. Furthermore, it will increase the competitive nature of the economy of Australia both locally and in the world market. The government should also stipulate mechanisms that will take stern action against culprits who are caught perpetuating cyber-bulling, internet sexual harassment and stealing peoples’ identity. The government should also avail easy mechanisms for reporting vices that curb cyber-safety. This will serve as a warning to prospective culprits and thus decrease the number of such incidents. Also children will grow up morally as they will avoid practising such vices because this initiative will effectively tame them. Victims of such vices, parents, and children will willingly surrender information concerning such culprits to the relevant authority because of the assurance that effective action will be taken (Harvey 2009a). Moral ethics Most of the activities and information in the internet are morally wrong as they violate ethics and human norms. Therefore, another mechanism that can be used to increase cyber-safety is educating and guiding the population and children in particular on moral vices that can be adopted, thus enabling the adherence and respect of business, religious, social and moral ethics. For example more incidents of school children participating in social networking sites that perpetuate immoral behaviour such as pornography and prostitution are evident therefore, learning institutions should formulate policies that will effectively deal with school children that participate in such incidents and break school rules. Parents on the other hand should develop engaging relationships with their children to be able to further instil the moral principles that they learn and adopt from their school environment. Therefore, the school administration should work hand in hand with the government to clearly outline guidelines that will discipline students in regards to information availed and collected from the internet. The collation that will be formed will also help parents and the general Australian population to access such guidelines thus further perpetuate adherence to moral ethics and human norms (Madson 2005). It is quite evident that teachers nowadays use social networking sites for education purposes. Therefore, teachers should ensure that they effectively elaborate to their students how they intend to communicate to them and the necessary instructions that they should follow when logged into such sites to prevent them from accessing information that is not related to education and perpetuates immorality. Alternatively the school administration should establish websites which should be regularly monitored where teachers and students can communicate. Moreover, the learning institutions should implement educative programs that will educate the students on issues related to on-line- safety and the responsible ways of using Facebook and MySpace among others. Furthermore, policies that will effectively deal with students that perpetuate and practice cyber-bullying should be enacted. This responsibility should not only be left to the school administration and the government, other bodies such as religious institutions, public conferences and gatherings, activists and ethicist should also advocate for the adherence of moral ethics and human norms through the use of mechanisms such as safety conversation (McMahon 2008). Civil libertarian The government should also not ignore the role played by civil libertarians rather they should work hand in hand with them. This will further help them to ensure cyber-safety in Australia is emanated and thus protect the innocence and rights of children. This is because civil libertarians fight for the rights and respect of computer and network users by encouraging those involved to register with them thus regulates their activities. Therefore when formulating new legislations or changing those that already exists the government should engage such organizations thus the policies that will be formulated will be at the best interest of all stakeholders. For instance the Electronic Frontier Foundation in US provides legal assistance to companies or organizations that have out rightly been denied their constitutional rights by implementation of impractical legislations. In the event the organization promotes the US laws and allows efficient incorporation of advanced technology into the country. However, it indirectly regulates the information in the internet by offering legal support to organizations that avail useful information which is not harmful to the social being and economic welfare of the community and the country. Therefore, Australia should implement this example and follow suit as cyber-security will be enhanced while protecting and respecting the constitutional and human rights of its citizens (Swidorski 2003). Conclusion From the above facts it is quite clear that all the above principles should be implemented to effectively implement internet censorship. Each principle covers a specific area of enhancing cyber-safety in the country and among the citizens. The role that the government and politicians in general can play in the attempt of protecting Australian children from internet immoral vices without developing conflicts is outlined. However, the government also needs to work hand in hand with the school administration, teachers, parents and civil libertarians to efficiently enhance on-line security and educate Australian children on mechanisms of being responsible cyber-citizens. Also as we aim to be a world class country we will have to incorporate more sophisticated technology which is mainly attained from the reliance of the internet therefore, this subject should be researched regularly to enable formulation of policies that are relevant to the current technology in the country. In the event the country will be able to attain the technology without restrictions that may curb its development. Therefore, from my own opinion it is ideal for the government to implement the technology method which will go hand in hand with the development objective of the country because it will be cheaper to incorporate, it will be easier to regulate internet information at the disclosure of children while still gaining access to information that will help in improving the welfare of the community and country at large and human rights will not be violated as a result of internet censorship which I do not support. Word Count: 2189 List of references Australian Government (2007), Attitudes and behaviour of young people on-line, Research Summary. Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009]. Gary, J. (2009), â€Å"Short range plug-ins work best in US,† Automotive Engineer, 34(3), p. 49. Harvey, S. (2009a), Australian internet censorship in practice, Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] Harvey, S. (2009b), Issues with re-establishing identity after natural disasters, Available at < http://www. pingudownunder. com/blog/index. php> [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] Lindroth, L. (2008), â€Å"How to improve on-line safety,† Teaching Pre K-8, 28(7), p20. Madson, W. (2005), Internet censorship, Available at [Accessed on 28th, May, 2009] McMahon, F. (2008), â€Å"Smooth operator,† Digital Content Producer, 34(11), pp. 30-33. Swidorski, C. (2003), â€Å"Political science, the Labour Movement, and the struggle for freedom of expression,† New Political Science, 22(3), pp. 319-340. Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia. (2016, Sep 25). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you